TRIPOLI (Reuters) -
Libyans will vote in their first free national poll in more than half a
century on Saturday amid fears that violence could taint an election
meant to usher in a temporary national assembly and draw a line under Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year autocratic reign.
Voters will select a 200-member assembly that will choose a cabinet to replace the self-appointed interim government and also pick a new prime minister. Many of the 3,700 candidates have strong Islamic agendas.
The chamber was also due to appoint a committee charged with drafting a new constitution. But Libya's
transitional rulers announced on Thursday this body would also be
elected directly by Libyans - a move one analyst said was a bid to
appease federalists that have urged a boycott of Saturday's vote.
The election will
be closely watched around the world by both supporters and critics of
NATO's bombing campaign that helped underpin an "Arab Spring" uprising
that ended Gaddafi's dictatorship and finally claimed his life.
Yet for many of the
2.7 million registered voters, excitement about a first taste of
democracy is mingled with fear that it will be hijacked by the militias,
often with regional loyalties, who have flourished amid prevailing
lawlessness.
"This is a new
beginning for us, we are learning democracy," said Tarek Mabrouk, a
shopkeeper in Tripoli. "We all hope that it will go well so we can move
forward."
Once the new
constitution is drafted, a referendum will be held and, if it
establishes a parliamentary system, a full legislative poll will be held
within six months.
While the election is designed to produce a government with a stronger mandate to rule than the current ex-rebel National Transitional Council
(NTC), the credibility of the result will be questionable if voters are
too scared to turn out or if post-vote disputes degenerate into gun
battles among rival factions.
In some areas, such
as the isolated southern district of Kufra in the Saharan desert,
tribal clashes are so fierce that election observers will be unable to
visit, and some question whether the vote can proceed in certain areas
there.
REGIONAL CLAIMS
Less than a year
after rebel fighters overran the capital Tripoli with little resistance,
Libya is a country enjoying freedoms that would have been unimaginable
during the four decades before the uprising, but which are mitigated by
instability and sporadic violence.
While Tripoli can
go for days without disturbances, turf wars between heavily armed rival
militias can explode into gunfights within seconds, while regional
tensions that were suppressed under Gaddafi are now dangerously exposed.
Last week's
storming of an election office in the eastern city of Benghazi by
protesters demanding greater powers for the region showed how far Libya
has to go to foster national unity and underscored the real risk of
unrest on voting day.
Supporters for
greater autonomy in the east are unhappy that, under the original rules,
their region would have only been allotted 20 seats in the 60-head
constitution-drafting committee that was to have been selected by the
new national assembly.
Claudia Gazzini, of
the International Crisis Group, said the NTC's announcement at a news
conference on Thursday that the committee would now be chosen by yet
another direct vote was aimed at them.
"It can be
understood as a last-minute attempt by the NTC to appease those
threatening to disrupt the elections," she said. "It also shows that the
government has doubts that it will be able to secure the elections."
The weakness of the
police and the army was demonstrated only last month when militia
fighters occupied the runway at Tripoli's international airport for
hours after they mistakenly feared their leader had been seized by
security forces.
Yet while such
incidents will do little to encourage potential investors in a country
with Africa's largest proven oil reserves, many observers argue that
Libya has bounced back from the conflict more quickly than expected.
Oil production has
recovered and is now close to pre-war output levels of 1.6 million
barrels per day. The country has also avoided the sectarian violence
which sees dozens of Iraqis killed each week almost a decade after the
U.S.-led campaign to oust Saddam Hussein got under way.
"The basic elements
of life are continuing in Libya," U.N. envoy Ian Martin told Reuters in
June. "When you put it in the context of Libya and in the context of
other post-conflict countries, the glass is half full rather than half
empty."
ISLAMIC LINE
However, many
Libyans remain baffled by the mechanics of Libya's first national
multi-party poll since a 1952 vote held under King Idris, the
post-independence monarch deposed by Gaddafi and a group of young army
officers 17 years later.
The 200 seats in
the new General National Congress will be allotted according to a mixed
system, with candidates on party lists elected by proportional
representation and independent candidates chosen by a simple majority.
Parity rules for
the new assembly mean there are many female candidates. Yet many of
their posters were defaced before the end of campaigning on Thursday,
underlining the ambivalence of some in Libyan society about a greater
female role in politics.
Elections after
Arab Spring uprisings that ousted dictators in Tunisia and Egypt have
ushered in parliaments dominated by long-suppressed Islamist groups.
While analysts say
it is hard to predict the political make-up of Libya's new assembly,
parties and candidates professing an attachment to Islamic values
dominate and very few are running on an exclusively secular ticket.
The Justice and
Construction offshoot of Libya's Muslim Brotherhood is tipped to do
well, as is al-Watan, the party of former CIA detainee and Islamist
insurgent Abdel Hakim Belhadj.
Reuters
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